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Theodora Megale Komnene ((ギリシア語:Θεοδώρα Μεγάλη Κομνηνή)), also known as Despina Khatun ((ペルシア語:دسپینا خاتون); from the Greek title ''Despoina'' and Mongol title ''Khatun'', both meaning "Lady, princess, queen") was the daughter of John IV of Trebizond, who married the Aq Qoyunlu ruler Uzun Hasan in 1458. She became the mother of Martha (Halima) who became the mother of first Safavid king, Shah Ismail I. Some older writers refer to her as "Catherine". Charles Diehl has shown that is was based on DuCange's misunderstanding of the Mongol title "Khatun" as "Catherine". John IV agreed to the marriage only if his daughter was allowed to continue her Orthodox Christian religion, a condition which Uzun Hasan agreed upon. Despina was famous for her extreme beauty amongst the Greek women. She was accompanied by a group of Orthodox Christian priests and was allowed to build Orthodox churches in Iran. Uzun Hasan strengthened his anti-Ottoman alliance by this marriage and gained the support of many Greek, Armenian and Georgians. 〔Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History. Volume 5 (1350-1500),BRILL, Jun 21, 2013.〕 Marriage between Christians and Muslim rulers, although uncommon, was not unprecedented. Speros Vryonis provides several examples from the Sultanate of the Seljuk Turks, beginning with Kilij Arslan II.〔Vryonis, ''The Decline of Medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the Process of Islamization from the Eleventh through the Fifteenth Century'' (Berkeley: University of California, 1971), pp. 227f〕 A later example is Michael VIII Palaiologos marrying off his illegitimate daughters Euphrosyne and Maria to Nogai Khan and Abaqa Khan respectively. Previous Emperors of Trebizond had married off his female relatives, most notably Alexios III, during whose reign two of his sisters and two of his daughters were married to rulers of neighboring Muslim states.〔Discussed in Elizabeth Zachariadou, "Trebizond and the Turks (1352-1402)", ''Archeion Pontou'', 35 (1979), pp. 333-358.〕 In Western Europe, Theodora inspired the myth of the "Princess of Trebizond", a fixture of tales of damsels in distress as well as of a possible grand Crusade against the Ottoman Turks. The legend inspired several artists, including Pisanello and Jacques Offenbach. == Early life == Theodora was acknowledged as the daughter of John IV, but there is some mystery about who her mother was: no primary source names her mother, and John IV had two wives, Bagrationi, a daughter of King Alexander I,〔William Miller, ''Trebizond: The last Greek Empire of the Byzantine Era: 1204-1461'', 1926 (Chicago: Argonaut, 1969), pp. 81f〕 and the daughter of a Turkish sultan, whom John married sometime before November 1437.〔A. Vasiliev, "Tero Tafur, a Spanish Traveler of the Fifteenth Century and His Visit to Constantinople, Trebizond, and Italy," ''Byzantion'', 7 (1932), p. 98〕 Because the first allusion to Theodora is dated to February 1451, when the Byzantine diplomat George Sphrantzes came to Trebizond seeking a bride for his Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos and we do not know how old she was at the time, either woman could be her mother.〔Byzantine aristocratic practice at the time favored marriages as early as 13 years, so Theodora could have been born as late as 1439.〕 In 1458 she was married to Uzun Hasan, Khan of the Turkoman tribe of Aq Qoyunlu; her uncle David gave her away at the marriage.〔Chalcocondyles, 9.70; translated by Anthony Kaldellis, ''The Histories'' (Cambridge: Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library, 2014), vol. 2 p. 353〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Despina Khatun」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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